不同生物膜載體凈化微污染河水試驗研究

來源：jqwdbw.com   時間：2018-10-30   

    近年來,我(wo)國經(jing)濟發展迅速,人口數量不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)上漲,工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)、生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)農業(ye)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)產量不(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加,我(wo)國城市河(he)(he)道普遍具有納污(wu)(wu)功能,導致(zhi)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)受到有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)、部(bu)分水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)(zhi)指標超過(guo)地表環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量標準。微(wei)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)是指受有機污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)、氮(dan)、磷及有毒(du)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)較低(di)的(de)(de)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui),流(liu)(liu)經(jing)城市的(de)(de)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)多(duo)數存在(zai)微(wei)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)現(xian)象(xiang),由于目(mu)前的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)處理技術多(duo)數針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)高(gao)(gao)濃度(du)(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)廢水(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)活(huo)污(wu)(wu)水(shui)(shui)(shui),且河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)已(yi)經(jing)成為(wei)(wei)(wei)了突(tu)出的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)問題(ti),因此開展微(wei)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)河(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui)凈化(hua)技術相關研究(jiu)(jiu)是非常有必要(yao)的(de)(de)。本文(wen)在(zai)研究(jiu)(jiu)我(wo)國河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)體污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)現(xian)狀、分析河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)原因及治(zhi)理技術后,采用生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接觸氧化(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝,在(zai)自行(xing)(xing)(xing)設(she)(she)計(ji)的(de)(de)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)接觸氧化(hua)反應器中投加不(bu)(bu)同填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)邯(han)鄲市滏陽河(he)(he)微(wei)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)現(xian)象(xiang)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)研究(jiu)(jiu),希望為(wei)(wei)(wei)城市微(wei)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)河(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)凈化(hua)提(ti)供一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)技術支持(chi),進(jin)而(er)對(dui)(dui)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量有所(suo)幫助。試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)內(nei)容(rong)及主要(yao)結論如(ru)下:在(zai)反應器內(nei)選擇(ze)生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)繩(sheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、組合(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)彈性填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)代(dai)表性填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)對(dui)(dui)比試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan),采用悶曝法啟(qi)動反應器,考察了水(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)(li)停(ting)留時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(HRT)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)種類對(dui)(dui)本試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下反應器運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)影(ying)響。通過(guo)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)可知(zhi):在(zai)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)化(hua)學(xue)需(xu)氧量(CODcr)和(he)(he)(he)(he)氨氮(dan)(NH_4~+-N)的(de)(de)平均濃度(du)(du)(du)分別為(wei)(wei)(wei)49.37 mg/L和(he)(he)(he)(he)3.56 mg/L的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下,經(jing)30天反應器可啟(qi)動成功;三(san)(san)種填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)CODcr、NH_4~+-N平均去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)分別穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)68%和(he)(he)(he)(he)75%左右(you);代(dai)表反應器啟(qi)動成功;HRT對(dui)(dui)三(san)(san)種填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)有一定(ding)(ding)影(ying)響,但(dan)不(bu)(bu)顯著(zhu);當HRT為(wei)(wei)(wei)24 h時(shi),填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)對(dui)(dui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)綜合(he)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)更(geng)好;在(zai)曝氣/停(ting)曝時(shi)間(jian)(jian)比為(wei)(wei)(wei)6 h:6 h、HRT為(wei)(wei)(wei)24 h的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下,生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)繩(sheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)對(dui)(dui)CODcr、NH_4~+-N、TN和(he)(he)(he)(he)TP的(de)(de)平均去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)較高(gao)(gao),分別為(wei)(wei)(wei):75.87%、76.05%、37.1%和(he)(he)(he)(he)25.41%。采用生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)(wu)繩(sheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan),考察了DO和(he)(he)(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)影(ying)響,試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)發現(xian):DO濃度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)對(dui)(dui)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)有一定(ding)(ding)影(ying)響,但(dan)不(bu)(bu)顯著(zhu);當DO濃度(du)(du)(du)小于6mg/L時(shi),DO濃度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao),COD和(he)(he)(he)(he)NH_4~+-N的(de)(de)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)表現(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)增(zeng)大的(de)(de)趨勢(shi)(shi),當DO濃度(du)(du)(du)大于6mg/L時(shi),DO濃度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao),COD和(he)(he)(he)(he)NH_4~+-N的(de)(de)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)有所(suo)降低(di);DO濃度(du)(du)(du)升高(gao)(gao),總氮(dan)(TN)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)呈下降趨勢(shi)(shi),而(er)總磷(TP)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)受DO變化(hua)影(ying)響不(bu)(bu)大,始終不(bu)(bu)高(gao)(gao);隨(sui)著(zhu)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)增(zeng)加,COD、NH_4~+-N和(he)(he)(he)(he)TN的(de)(de)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)呈上升趨勢(shi)(shi),TP的(de)(de)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)波動較大,當布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60%時(shi),污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)綜合(he)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)更(geng)好。對(dui)(dui)影(ying)響污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)三(san)(san)個因素(su)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了三(san)(san)因素(su)三(san)(san)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平正交實驗(yan)(yan)(yan),通過(guo)試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)結果(guo)(guo)可知(zhi):水(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)(li)停(ting)留時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、溶解氧、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)影(ying)響污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)(ran)(ran)物(wu)(wu)(wu)去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)主次順序為(wei)(wei)(wei):水(shui)(shui)(shui)力(li)(li)停(ting)留時(shi)間(jian)(jian)溶解氧填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)。綜合(he)分析CODcr、NH_4~+-N、TN和(he)(he)(he)(he)TP去(qu)(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo),得出該試(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下的(de)(de)最佳運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)工(gong)(gong)況為(wei)(wei)(wei):HRT=24h、DO=6 mg/L、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)布(bu)設(she)(she)密(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60%。

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